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HTML tags provide the foundation for web page design. To provide more flexibility with HTML design, attributes have been defined for HTML tags to alter the behavior of any particular HTML tag. There are many instances while designing a web page when you will want to change the default behavior of the tag. For instance, you might want to change the background color of the whole page or some section of the page. You might want to change the alignment of a section of text or apply a unique style to a tag’s representation. There are many instances when you would want to identify an HTML tag by giving it a name to identify it so that it can be referred to elsewhere. Some tags, such as the one used to present an image (

) don’t do much of anything without having at least one attribute defined. In the case of the image tag, you would need to have an attribute that tells the browser where the find the image to be displayed.

Some Examples of HTML Attributes

Using bgcolor and background with the body tag
A very visible example of the effect of an attribute used in an HTML tag is changing the background color or image for the entire body of a web page. Browsers understand that the contents of the tag will be displayed on the main part of the web page. By default, the background used by browsers when they encounter the tag is white. If you want a background color other than white, you would use the bgcolor attribute. The following tag changes the background color of a web page from the default white to gray:
If you want to have an image comprise the background for a web page, you could use the following code:

This example assumes that you have a folder on your web server called images, and that inside that folder there is an image named background.gif. In the case of a background image, if the image isn’t large enough to fill the entire background of your web page, the browser will repeat the image vertically and horizontally to fill the background.

Linking using the anchor tag
The world wide web’s fundamental usefulness hinges on its ability to link documents, providing web users with a quick connection from one page to another related page. Linking documents in HTML is done using the anchor () tag. The anchor tag by itself doesn’t tell the browser where to link. Instead, you have to include the href attribute as in the following example:

Visit our sponsor
This piece of HTML code tells the browser that the text “Visit our sponsor” is the anchor text for a link. When the user clicks on the anchor text, he is taken to the url oursponsorswebsite.com.
Displaying a picture using the image tag
HTML pages would be pretty boring without the use of images. The need to tell the browser where to find an image is a good example of how to use HTML attributes. Images are included using . Similar to the anchor tag example above, using the tag alone wouldn’t suffice. The image tag attribute “src” is required to tell the browser where to find the image to be displayed, as in the following example:

This block of code tells the browser to place an image in the document. The browser is instructed to get the logo.gif image from the images folder located in the top level folder for the document. You also notice a width attribute defined in the tag. This constrains the image to be 150 pixels wide. Conveniently, the height of the image is constrained proportionally when the width attribute is defined.

HTML Attributes Reference
Don’t feel like you have to memorize all the HTML tags and their corresponding attributes. Instead, it is convenient to access a reference when trying to determine which attributes can be used with particular HTML tags. The official definition for HTML tags and attributes can be found at www.w3.org You can also find other resources for understanding the same information by using a search engine to search for “html tags” or “html attributes”

Beyond HTML Attributes
In the mid-1990′s, a methodology called Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) was developed for use in web pages to make them more streamlined. CSS is a standard for defining the layout and formatting for a web page. Many of the attributes that were commonly used with HTML tags before CSS came around are now handles by CSS definitions. For designers unfamiliar with CSS or who, for whatever reason, don’t choose to use CSS, HTML attributes that overlap with CSS definitions can still be used to change the behavior of HTML tags. However, to be considered vogue in the world of web design, it is recommended that you learn and use CSS.

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Many effects that used to require JavaScript, Flash, or using images to convey stylized type can now be implemented with nothing more than CSS style sheets. This development makes it easier to generate type or images with effects such as rotation, scaling, or skewing. Presenting effects with CSS even allows visitors to copy-and-paste text and images to which these effects have been applied.

These new features in CSS3 are part of a complex and rapidly shifting landscape in web design. CSS3 and its partner, HTML5, can be used to create effects that traditionally have been implemented with much more difficulty by using Flash or JavaScript. Another factor driving designers to HTML5 and CSS3 is Apple’s  not to support Flash.

My articles “max tutorial” and  walked through the process of using the Audio and Video elements in HTML5 to embed media directly in a web page, without relying on an external plug-in media player such as Flash Player, QuickTime Player, or Windows Media Player.

In this article, I’ll show you how to implement CSS3 to define two-dimensional (2D) transforms (also called transformations).

Creating CSS3 code for new effects takes some work; the process isn’t as user-friendly as we might wish. But Dreamweaver’s HTML5 Pack supplies helpful tools that make the process easier. For this tutorial, I chose to explore 2D effects such as rotation, scaling, and skewing because they’re among the most widely supported of the new generation of CSS-based effects. The 2D effects can be viewed in Firefox, Opera, and Apple’s Safari browser.

Other CSS3 effects, such as animation and 3D effects, are supported only in Safari.

Another nice thing about 2D transforms: If a visitor’s browser doesn’t support the effect, the content is still accessible; it just displays without the effect. For those reasons, plus the fact that 2D effects provide a good template on which to learn how to use CSS3 effects, this tutorial focuses on using the skew, scale, rotate, and translate 2D effects.

Using Dreamweaver to Create CSS3 Styles

In this tutorial, I’ll show you how to take advantage of new code hints available through the HTML5 Pack. The HTM˽ Pack constitutes a qualitative upgrade to Dreamweaver CS5—something that in an earlier era would have been branded Dreamweaver CS5.1. The HTML5 Pack was released very shortly after (and to some degree in response to) Steve Jobs’ max tutorial that Apple mobile devices would never support Flash.

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My book includes extensive coverage of the HTML5 Pack. The book is a useful resource for anyone who is interested in a more in-depth exploration of the HTML5 Pack than is possible in this and other online articles.

Anyone fluent in HTML5 and CSS3 can use Dreamweaver’s Code view to write custom code and implement HTML5 and CSS3 features. For the code-challenged among us, new features in the HTML5 Pack make this process much easier. You cannot view, add, or edit the new CSS3 style features in Dreamweaver’s CSS Styles panel, but the HTML5 Pack gives you code hints in Code view that make it much easier to apply those CSS3 effects.

The full HTML5 Pack works only with Dreamweaver CS5. Fortunately, in June 2010 Adobe released a version of the HTML5 Pack for Dreamweaver CS3 and CS4 that supports a limited set of features, and those features include CSS3 code hints! So this tutorial works for CS3 and CS4—although your interface will look a bit different from the CS5 interface displayed in the figures I’ve included here.

What Are Code Hints?

With the HTML5 Pack installed, you have access to code hints. Code hints complete code as you type it, or they prompt you for code parameters. Dreamweaver CS5 (and previous versions) included code hint features for older CSS styles, but the HTML5 Pack adds new code hints for CSS3.

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